PHP数据迁移与版本控制工具

PHP数据迁移与版本控制工具数据库迁移是管理数据库结构变更的标准方式。每次修改都记录在迁移文件中团队按顺序执行。今天说说PHP中数据迁移的实现。迁移管理器的实现。phpclass Migration{protected PDO $pdo;public function __construct(PDO $pdo){$this-pdo $pdo;}public function up(): void {}public function down(): void {}}class MigrationRunner{private PDO $pdo;private string $migrationDir;private string $table migrations;public function __construct(PDO $pdo, string $migrationDir){$this-pdo $pdo;$this-migrationDir rtrim($migrationDir, /);$this-initTable();}private function initTable(): void{$this-pdo-exec(CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS {$this-table} (id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,migration VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,batch INT NOT NULL,executed_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP));}public function migrate(): void{$executed $this-getExecuted();$files $this-getMigrationFiles();$batch $this-getNextBatch();$pending array_diff($files, $executed);if (empty($pending)) {echo 所有迁移已完成\n;return;}foreach ($pending as $file) {echo 执行: $file\n;$migration $this-loadMigration($file);try {$this-pdo-beginTransaction();$migration-up();$this-record($file, $batch);$this-pdo-commit();echo 完成\n;} catch (Exception $e) {$this-pdo-rollBack();echo 失败: {$e-getMessage()}\n;}}}public function rollback(): void{$lastBatch $this-getLastBatch();if ($lastBatch 0) {echo 没有可回滚的迁移\n;return;}$migrations $this-getBatchMigrations($lastBatch);foreach (array_reverse($migrations) as $file) {echo 回滚: $file\n;$migration $this-loadMigration($file);$migration-down();$this-remove($file);}}private function getExecuted(): array{return $this-pdo-query(SELECT migration FROM {$this-table})-fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN);}private function getMigrationFiles(): array{$files glob($this-migrationDir . /*.php);sort($files);return array_map(basename, $files);}private function getNextBatch(): int{return (int)$this-pdo-query(SELECT COALESCE(MAX(batch), 0) FROM {$this-table})-fetchColumn() 1;}private function getLastBatch(): int{return (int)$this-pdo-query(SELECT COALESCE(MAX(batch), 0) FROM {$this-table})-fetchColumn();}private function getBatchMigrations(int $batch): array{$stmt $this-pdo-prepare(SELECT migration FROM {$this-table} WHERE batch ? ORDER BY id ASC);$stmt-execute([$batch]);return $stmt-fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_COLUMN);}private function loadMigration(string $file): Migration{require_once $this-migrationDir . / . $file;$className pathinfo($file, PATHINFO_FILENAME);$className $this-formatClassName($className);return new $className($this-pdo);}private function formatClassName(string $name): string{preg_match(/^\d{4}_\d{2}_\d{2}_\d{6}_(.)$/, $name, $matches);if (isset($matches[1])) {return implode(, array_map(ucfirst, explode(_, $matches[1])));}return $name;}private function record(string $file, int $batch): void{$this-pdo-prepare(INSERT INTO {$this-table} (migration, batch) VALUES (?, ?))-execute([$file, $batch]);}private function remove(string $file): void{$this-pdo-prepare(DELETE FROM {$this-table} WHERE migration ?)-execute([$file]);}}?迁移文件示例。php// 2024_01_01_000001_create_users_table.phpclass CreateUsersTable extends Migration{public function up(): void{$this-pdo-exec(CREATE TABLE users (id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,email VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL UNIQUE,status VARCHAR(20) DEFAULT active,created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP));}public function down(): void{$this-pdo-exec(DROP TABLE IF EXISTS users);}}?迁移系统的核心是记录已执行的迁移确保每个迁移只执行一次。回滚功能可以撤销之前的变更。团队协作时按顺序执行迁移保持数据库结构一致。